Researcher biography
Professor Mulligan is the current director of UQ's Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation. He has a background in plant physiology and ecology. He was awarded the Australian Minerals and Energy Environment Foundation Excellence Award in 1998 for “Outstanding Leadership in Mine Site Rehabilitation Research and Education”, and chaired the working group that developed the “Mine Rehabilitation” handbook as a part of the Australian Government’s series on Leading Practice in Sustainable Development for the Mining Industry. He is active on many industry and government committees and plays a major role as an advisor of research students in the areas of environmental science, mine site rehabilitation and mine closure.
Publications
Book Chapters
Unger, C. J., Lechner, A. M., Glenn, V. C., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. R. (2018). Key elements of global leading practice in abandoned mine programs and their application to Australia. From start to finish: a life-of-mine perspective. (pp. 163-174) edited by Cherie McCullough, Bruce Harvey, Corinne Unger, Jan Coetzee and Stuart Winchester. Carlton South, VIC, Australia: The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Unger, C. J., Lechner, A. M., Walton, A., Glenn, V. C., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. R. (2018). Maturity of jurisdictional abandoned mine programs in Australia based on web-accessible information. From start to finish: a life-of-mine perspective. (pp. 317-328) edited by Cherie McCullough, Bruce Harvey, Corinne Unger, Jan Coetzee and Stuart Winchester. Carlton South, VIC, Australia: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Lechner, A. M., Arnold, S., McCaffrey, N. B., Gordon, A., Erskine, P. D., Gillespie, M. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2018). Applying modern ecological methods for monitoring and modelling mine rehabilitation success. From start to finish – a life-of-mine perspective. (pp. 109-116) Carlton South, VIC Australia: AUSIMM.
Mulligan, D. R. and Gillespie, M. J. (1999). Establishment of native understorey species following coal mining in the Hunter Valley. Synoptic Plan. Integrated landscapes for coal mine rehabilitation in the Hunter Valley of NSW. (pp. 73-90) Sydney: Dept. of Mineral Resources.
Mulligan, D. R., Grigg, A. H., Madsen, A. T., Pearce, A. B. and Roe, P. A. (1999). Research initiatives for the remediation of land following open-cut coal mining in central Queensland. Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands. (pp. 25-36) edited by M. H. Wong, J. W. C. Wong and A. J. M. Baker. New York, USA: Lewis Publishers/CRC Press.
Journal Articles
Shaygan, Mandana, Mulligan, David and Baumgartl, Thomas (2018). The potential of three halophytes (Tecticornia pergranulata, Sclerolaena longicuspis, and Frankenia serpyllifolia) for the rehabilitation of brine‐affected soils. Land Degradation and Development, 29 (6), 2002-2014. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2954
So, Hwat Bing, Khalifa, Ashraf M, Yu, Bofu, Caroll, Chris, Burger, Peter and Mulligan, David (2018). MINErosion 3: Using measurements on a tilting flume-rainfall simulator facility to predict erosion rates from post-mining landscapes in Central Queensland, Australia. PLoS One, 13 (3) e0194230, e0194230. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194230
Dinh, Ngoc, van der Ent, Antony, Mulligan, David R. and Nguyen, Anh V. (2018). Zinc and lead accumulation characteristics and in vivo distribution of Zn2+ in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens elucidated with fluorescent probes and laser confocal microscopy. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 147, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.10.008
Yang, Yongjun, Erskine, Peter D., Lechner, Alex M., Mulligan, David, Zhang, Shaoliang and Wang, Zhenyu (2018). Detecting the dynamics of vegetation disturbance and recovery in surface mining area via Landsat imagery and LandTrendr algorithm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 353-362. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.050
Roseby, Stuart J., Kopittke, Peter M., Mulligan, David R. and Menzies, Neal W. (2017). Evaluation of pyritic mine tailings as a plant growth substrate. Journal of Environmental Management, 201, 207-214. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.046
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Mulligan, David, Fegan, Warwick and Munawar, Ali (2017). Geochemical characteristics of rehabilitated tailings and associated seepages at Kidston gold mine, Queensland, Australia. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 33 (2), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/17480930.2017.1362542
Hooper, Michael J., Glomb, Stephen J., Harper, David D., Hoelzle, Timothy B., Mcintosh, Lisa M. and Mulligan, David R. (2016). Integrated risk and recovery monitoring of ecosystem restorations on contaminated sites. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 12 (2), 284-295. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1731
van der Ent, Antony, Erskine, Peter, Mulligan, David, Repin, Rimi and Karim, Rositti (2016). Vegetation on ultramafic edaphic ‘islands’ in Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia) in relation to soil chemistry and elevation. Plant and Soil, 403 (1), 77-101. doi: 10.1007/s11104-016-2831-3
Du, Yumei, Li, Peng, Nguyen, Anh V., Xu, Zhi Ping, Mulligan, David and Huang, Longbin (2015). Zinc uptake and distribution in tomato plants in response to foliar supply of Zn hydroxide-nitrate nanocrystal suspension with controlled Zn solubility. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 178 (5), 722-731. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201400213
Du, Yumei, Li, Peng, Nguyen, Anh V., Xu, Zhi Ping, Mulligan, David and Huang, Longbin (2015). Zinc uptake and distribution in tomato plants in response to foliar supply of Zn hydroxide-nitrate nanocrystal suspension with controlled Zn solubility. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 178 (5), 722-731. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201400213
van der Ent, Antony and Mulligan, David (2015). Multi-element concentrations in plant parts and fluids of Malaysian nickel hyperaccumulator plants and some economic and ecological considerations. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 41 (4), 396-408. doi: 10.1007/s10886-015-0573-y
van der Ent, Antony, Baker, Alan J. M., Reeves, Roger D., Chaney, Rufus L., Anderson, Christopher W. N., Meech, John A., Erskine, Peter D., Simonnot, Marie-Odile, Vaughan, James, Morel, Jean Louis, Echevarria, Guillaume, Fogliani, Bruno, Rongliang, Qiu and Mulligan, David R. (2015). Agromining: farming for metals in the future?. Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (8), 4773-4780. doi: 10.1021/es506031u
Dinh, Ngoc T., Vu, Dang T., Mulligan, David and Nguyen, Anh V. (2015). Accumulation and distribution of zinc in the leaves and roots of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 110, 85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.10.001
McCaffrey, Nic, Fletcher, Andrew, Erskine, Peter, Mulligan, David and Giddens, Michael (2015). Democratisation of biological collections: developing an online image herbarium for mine rehabilitation sites in Queensland. Australasian Plant Conservation, 24 (1), 9-11.
Du, Yumei, Kopittke, Peter M., Noller, Barry N., James, Simon A., Harris, Hugh H., Xu, Zhi Ping, Li, Peng, Mulligan, David R. and Huang, Longbin (2015). In situ analysis of foliar zinc absorption and short-distance movement in fresh and hydrated leaves of tomato and citrus using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Annals of Botany, 115 (1), 41-53. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcu212
You, Fang, Dalal, Ram, Mulligan, David and Huang, Longbin (2015). Quantitative Measurement of Organic Carbon in Mine Wastes: Methods Comparison for Inorganic Carbon Removal and Organic Carbon Recovery. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 46 (Supplement 1), 375-389. doi: 10.1080/00103624.2014.989113
Amin, R., Edraki, M., Mulligan, D. R. and Gultom, T. H. (2015). Chromium and nickel accumulation in the macrophytes of the Kawasi wetland on Obi Island, North Maluku Province, Indonesia. Australian Journal of Botany, 63 (7), 549-553. doi: 10.1071/BT15066
Mulligan, David (2014). The mining industry and land rehabilitation in Australia - once were leaders. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84 (1), 42-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.006
Park, Jin Hee, Edraki, Mansour, Mulligan, David and Jang, Hang Seok (2014). The application of coal combustion by-products in mine site rehabilitation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84 (1), 761-772. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.049
Audet, Patrick, Gravina, Amanda, Glenn, Vanessa, McKenna, Phill, Vickers, Helen, Gillespie, Melina and Mulligan, David (2013). Structural development of vegetation on rehabilitated North Stradbroke Island: Above/belowground feedback may facilitate alternative ecological outcomes. Ecological Processes, 2 (20) 20, 1-17. doi: 10.1186/2192-1709-2-20
Rusdinar, Yuni, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Mulligan, David and Miller, Stuart (2013). Long term performance of hydrogeochemical riverine mine tailings deposition at Freeport Indonesia. Mine Water and the Environment, 32 (1), 56-70. doi: 10.1007/s10230-012-0212-6
Audet, P., Arnold, S., Lechner, A. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Baumgartl, T. (2012). Climate suitability estimates offer insight into fundamental revegetation challenges among post-mining rehabilitated landscapes in eastern Australia. Biogeosciences Discussions, 9 (12), 18545-18569. doi: 10.5194/bgd-9-18545-2012
Tibbett, Mark, Mulligan, David and Audet, Patrick (2012). Recent advances in restoration ecology: Examining the modern Australian agro-ecological and post-mining landscapes. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 163, 1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.07.007
Doley, D., Audet, P. and Mulligan, D. R. (2012). Examining the Australian context for post-mined land rehabilitation: Reconciling a paradigm for the development of natural and novel ecosystems among post-disturbance landscapes. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 163, 85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.04.022
Williams, Elizabeth R., Mulligan, David R., Erskine, Peter D. and Plowman, Kristine P. (2012). Using insect diversity for determining land restoration development: examining the influence of grazing history on ant assemblages in rehabilitated pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 163, 54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.017
Schneider, A., Arnold, S., Doley, D., Mulligan, D. and Baumgartl, T. (2012). The importance of plant water use on evapotranspiration covers in semi-arid Australia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussion, 9 (10), 11911-11940. doi: 10.5194/hessd-9-11911-2012
Bao, Nisha, Lechner, Alex M., Fletcher, Andrew, Mellor, Andrew, Mulligan, David and Bai, Zhongke (2012). Comparison of relative radiometric normalization methods using pseudo-invariant features for change detection studies in rural and urban landscapes. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 6 (1), 063578-063578. doi: 10.1117/1.JRS.6.063578
Huang, Longbin, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2012). Is rhizosphere remediation sufficient for sustainable revegetation of mine tailings?. Annals of Botany, 110 (2), 223-238. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs115
Maczkowiack, R. I., Smith, C. S., Slaughter, G. J., Mulligan, D. R. and Cameron, D. C. (2012). Grazing as a post-mining land use: a conceptual model of the risk factors. Agricultural Systems, 109, 76-89. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2012.03.002
Bao, Nisha, Lechner, Alex, Fletcher, Andrew, Erskine, Peter, Mulligan, David and Bai, Zhongke (2012). Spoting long-term changes in vegetation over short-term variability. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 28 (1), 2-24. doi: 10.1080/17480930.2012.710505
Williams, E. R., Mulligan, D. R., Erskine, P. D. and Plowman, K. P. (2011). Ant community variation with rehabilitation and management history on a sand mine at North Stradbroke Island, south-east Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, The, 117, 437-453.
Franks, Daniel M., Boger, David V., Côte, Claire M. and Mulligan, David R. (2011). Sustainable development principles for the disposal of mining and mineral processing wastes. Resources policy, 36 (2), 114-122. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2010.12.001
Schneider, Anne, Baumgartl, Thomas, Doley, David and Mulligan, David (2010). Evaluation of the heterogeneity of constructed landforms for rehabilitation using lysimeters. Vadose Zone Journal, 9 (4), 898-909. doi: 10.2136/vzj2009.0172
Worrall, Rhys Creswell, Neil, David T., Brereton, David J. and Mulligan, David R. (2009). Towards a sustainability criteria and indicators framework for legacy mine land. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17 (16), 1426-1434. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.04.013
Short, Terence A., Kopittke, Peter M., Mulligan, David R. and Menzies, Neal W. (2007). Growth of Eucalyptus species in a Brown Kandosol, and changes in soil phosphorus fractionation following fertilisation. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45 (3), 190-198. doi: 10.1071/SR06147
Madsen, Trish and Mulligan, David (2007). Effect of salt on the growth of ectomycorrhizal isolates and implications for the coal mining industry in central Queensland: Notes & abstracts. Ecological Management and Restoration, 8 (1), 63-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2007.00335.x
Reichman, S. M., Bellairs, S. M. and Mulligan, D. R. (2007). Effect of seed treatment on the emergence of Cassia Brewsteri and Lysiphyllum carronii seeds stored in soil. The Rangeland Journal, 29 (2), 133-137. doi: 10.1071/RJ07004
Reichman, SM, Bellairs, SM and Mulligan, DR (2006). The effects of temperature and salinity on Acacia harpophylla (brigalow) (Mimosaceae) germination. Rangeland Journal, 28 (2) RJ06027, 175-178. doi: 10.1071/RJ06027
Reichman, SM, Menzies, NW, Asher, CJ and Mulligan, DR (2006). Responses of four Australian tree species to toxic concentrations of copper in solution culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29 (6), 1127-1141. doi: 10.1080/01904160600689274
Grigg, AH, Sheridan, GJ, Pearce, AB and Mulligan, DR (2006). The effect of organic mulch amendments on the physical and chemical properties and revegetation success of a saline-sodic minespoil from central Queensland, Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 44 (2), 97-105. doi: 10.1071/SR05047
Madsen, PA and Mulligan, DR (2006). Effect of NaCl on emergence and growth of a range of provenances of Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus populnea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Acacia salicina. Forest Ecology And Management, 228 (1-3), 152-159. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.02.044
Reichman, S. M., Menzies, N. W., Asher, C. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2004). Seedling responses of four Australian tree species to toxic concentrations of manganese in solution culture. Plant and Soil, 258 (1), 341-350. doi: 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000016564.14512.eb
Gross, C. L., Bartier, F. V. and Mulligan, D. R. (2003). Floral structure, breeding system and fruit-set in the threatened sub-shrub Tetratheca juncea Smith (Tremandraceae). Annals of Botany, 92 (6), 771-777. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcg201
Reichman, S. M., Menzies, N. W., Asher, C. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Seedling responses of three Australian tree species to toxic concentrations of zinc in solution culture. Plant And Soil, 235 (2), 151-158. doi: 10.1023/A:1011903430385
Schwenke, G. D., Ayre, L., Mulligan, D. R. and Bell, L. C. (2000). Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. II. Soil organic matter dynamics in mine soil chronosequences. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38 (2), 371-393. doi: 10.1071/SR99044
Schwenke, G. D., Mulligan, D. R. and Bell, L. C. (2000). Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. III. Simulated long-term soil organic matter development. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38 (2), 395-410. doi: 10.1071/SR99045
Schwenke, G. D., Mulligan, D. R. and Bell, L. C. (2000). Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38 (2), 345-369. doi: 10.1071/SR99043
Short, T. A., Menzies, N. W. and Mulligan, D. R. (2000). Mining disturbance alters phosphorus fractions in northern Australian soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 38 (2), 411-421. doi: 10.1071/SR99033
Menzies, N. W. and Mulligan, D. R. (2000). Vegetation dieback on clay-capped pyritic mine waste. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29 (2), 437-442. doi: 10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020010x
Bellairs, S. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Bartier, F. V. (2000). Research into the establishment of native flora at the Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, The University of Queensland. Danthonia, 9 (3), 11-12.
Read, T. R., Bellairs, S. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Lamb, D. (2000). Smoke and heat effects on soil seed bank germination for the re-establishment of a native forest community in New South Wales. Austral Ecology, 25 (1), 48-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2000.tb00006.x
Grigg, Andrew H. and Mulligan, David R. (1999). Litterfall from two eucalypt woodlands in central Queensland. Australian Journal of Ecology, 24 (6), 662-664. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.1999.00991.x
Grigg, AH and Mulligan, DR (1999). Biometric relationships for estimating standing biomass, litterfall and litter accumulation of Acacia salicina on mined land in central Queensland. Australian Journal of Botany, 47 (6), 807-816. doi: 10.1071/BT97122
Tyrrell, WR, Mulligan, DR, Sly, LI and Bell, LC (1997). Trialing wetlands to treat coal mining wastewaters in a low rainfall, high evaporation environment. Water Science And Technology, 35 (5), 293-299. doi: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00082-6
Conference Papers
Pagliero, Liliana, Asmussen, Pascal, Campos, Levi, Garcia, Giovana, McIntyre, Neil, Mulligan, David, Rivera, Diego, Miraldo Ordens, Carlos and Aitken, Douglas (2021). Planning of smart water supply networks in arid regions: tool development. Water Congress, Santiago, Chile, 7-9 July 2021.
van der Ent, Antony, Mulligan, David Robert, Repin, Rimi and Erskine, Peter Damian (2018). Foliar elemental profiles in the ultramafic flora of Kinabalu Park (Sabah, Malaysia). 9th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology (ICSE), Tirana and Pogradec, Albania, 5-9 June 2017. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/s11284-018-1563-7
Unger, C. J., Lechner, A. M., Walton, A., Glenn, V., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. R. (2014). Maturity of jurisdictional abandoned mine programs in Australia based on web-accessible information. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T., Zhou, L. and Mulligan, D. R. (2014). The new paradigm for phytostabilising mine wastes – ecologically engineered pedogenesis and functional root zones. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AUSIMM.
Datar, A. and Mulligan, D. (2014). Do we need to change the way we set up the stage?. Life-of-Mine 2014, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 16-18 July 2014. Carlton, VIC, Australia: AusIMM.
van der Ent, Antony, Mulligan, David R. and Erskine, Peter D. (2014). Identification of hyperaccumulator plants in nickel mining leases: conservation strategies and potential applications. Society for Ecological Restoration Australasia (SERA), Noumea, New Caledonia, 17–21 November 2014. Noumea, New Caledonia: SERA.
van der Ent, Antony, Mulligan, David and Erskine, Peter (2013). Newly discovered nickel hyperaccumulators from Kinabalu Park, Sabah (Malaysia) with potential for phytomining. enviromine2013: 3rd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in Mining, Santiago, Chile, 4-6 December, 2013. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Everingham, J., Collins, N., Baumgartl, T., Vink, S., Mulligan, D., Rifkin, W., Rodriguez, D. and Cavaye, J (2013). Beyond science and engineering: Tackling socio-environmental issues in the resources industry. Sustainable Development in Minerals Industry Conference (SDIMI), Milos Island, Greece, 30 June - 3 July 2013.
Lechner, A. M., Arnold, S., Fletcher, A. T., Gordon, A., Erskine, P. D., Gillespie, M. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2012). Embracing modern ecological methods: Monitoring and modelling for mine closure not compliance. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Unger, C., Lechner, A. M., Glenn, V., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Mapping and prioritising rehabilitation of abandoned mines in Australia. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Audet, P., Doley, D. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Can ‘Novel’ ecosystems offer suitable rehabilitation alternatives for post-mined landscapes?. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Audet, P., Gravina, A., Glenn, V., McKenna, P., Vickers, H., Gillespie, M. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Above/belowground feedback may facilitate and sustain mono-dominance on rehabilitated North Stradbroke Island. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Schneider, A., Baumgartl, T., Doley, D. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Variability in parameters of the water balance equation and their influence on evapotranspiration cover performance. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T., Edraki, M. and Mulligan, D. (2012). Sustainable phytostabilisation of mine tailings – a critical analysis of system requirements and approaches. Life of Mine Conference (AusIMM), Brisbane, Australia, 10-12 July 2012. Carlton North, VIC, Australia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM).
Schneider, Anne, Doley, David, Arnold, Sven, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2012). Evapotranspiration on a mine cover system in central New South Wales, Australia. Soil Science: Joint Australian and New Zealand Soil Science Conference: Soil solutions for diverse landscapes, Hobart, TAS, Australia, 2-7 December 2012. Victoria, Australia: Australian Society of Soil Science.
Irvine-Brown, Stuart, Pillai-McGarry, Usha, Mulligan, David and Barrett, Damian (2012). Field decomposition rates of single and mixed litter species under two contrasting climatic zones – wet tropical and semi arid. Soil Solutions for Diverse Landscapes, Hobart, Australia, 2-7 December 2012. Victoria, Australia: Australian Society of Soil Science.
Du, Yumei, Huang, Longbin, Vu, Dang, Li, Peng, Xu, Zhi Ping, Nguyen, Ahn V., Rudolph, Victor and Mulligan, David R. (2012). Prolonged zinc uptake controlled by zinc nanocrystals at foliar surface. Plant Grown Nutrition and Environment Interactions, Vienna, Austria, 18-21 February 2012.
Huynh, T., Mulligan, D. and Noller, B. (2011). Visual MINTEQ copper speciation prediction in fresh water compared to in situ DGT measurement and laboratory measurement using ultra-filtration technique. ICOBTE 2011: 11th International Conference on Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Florence, Italy, 3-7 July 2011.
Datar, Anand, Audet, Patrick and Mulligan, David (2011). Post-mined land rehabilitation in India: Cataloguing plant species used in land revegetation. Australian Mine Rehabilitation Workshop 2011, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 16-19 August 2011. Brisbane, Australia: JKTech.
Baumgartl, T., Schneider, A. and Mulligan, D. (2011). Applicability of cover designs in different climates of Australia. 7th Australian Workshop on Acid and Metalliferous Drainage (2011), Darwin, Australia, 21-24 June 2011. Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia: JKTech.
Huang, Longbin, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2011). Organic matter amendment in copper mine tailings improving primary physical structure, water storage and native grass growth. Enviromine 2011, 2nd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 23-25 November 2011. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Rusdinar, Yuni, Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David (2011). A hydrogeochemical review of riverine mine tailings deposition at Freeport Indonesia. Enviromine 2011, 2nd International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 23-25 November 2011. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Huang, L., Baumgartl, T. and Mulligan, D. (2011). System requirements for reconstructing root zone for sustainable revegetation of mined land. Australian Mine Rehabilitation Workshop, Adelaide South Australia, 17-19 August 2011.
Gillespie, M., West, B. and Mulligan, D. (2011). Queensland and New South Wales Coal Mine Rehablitation Research Database: A Strategy for Improvement and Enhancement.. 2011 Workshop on Australian Mine Rehabilitation, Adelaide, Australia, 17-19 August, 2011.. SMI Knowledge Transfer.
Lechner A M, Unger C J, Edraki M, Fletcher A and Mulligan D (2011). Development of national abandoned mines inventory for risk modelling. Acid Mine Drainage Workshop, Darwin, June 2011. JK Tech, University of Queensland.
Schneider, Anne, Baumgartl, Thomas, Doley, David and Mulligan, David (2010). Store and release cover systems: A suitable preventative for acid mine drainage in semi-arid monsoonal Queensland?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 1-6 August 2010. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: International Union of Soil Sciences.
Baiquni H., Baumgartl T., Mulligan D. and Doley, D. (2010). What are the chances of successfully replacing buffel grass with native plant communities in central Queensland’s rehabilitation sites?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, Australia, 1-6 August 2010.
Schneider, A, Baumgartl, T, Doley, D and Mulligan, D (2010). Store and Release Cover Systems: a suitable preventive for Acid Mine Drainage in semi-arid monsoonal Queensland?. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, 1-6 Aug, 2010.
Pillai-McGarry, Usha P., Lockhart, Craig and Mulligan, David (2010). Soil factors affecting vegetation establishment after sand mining on North Stradbroke Island. 19th World Congress of Soil Science: Soil solutions for a changing world, Brisbane, Australia, 1-6 August 2010. Brisbane, Australia: International Union of Soil Sciences.
Franks, D., Boger, D., Cote, C. and Mulligan, D. (2009). Stable, inert and contained: mine waste disposal and the sustainable development agenda. First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 30 September - 2 October 2009. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Baumgartl, Thomas and Mulligan, David R. (2009). Functions of Designed Cover systems in Semi-Arid Environments of Australia. First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 30 September - 2 October 2009. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Maczkowiack, R. I., Smith, C. S., Slaughter, G. J., Mulligan, D. R. and Cameron, D. C. (2009). Assessing risks of returning mined land to grazing in the Bowen Basin of central Queensland, Australia. Mine Closure 2009, Perth, Australia, 9–11 September 2009. Nedlands, Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics (ACG).
Fletcher, Andrew T., Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour, Kirchner, Rachel, Mulligan, David R. and Dunstan, N. (2009). Rehabilitation Options for Soils Affected by Oilfield Brine in an Arid Landscape, Proceedings of the First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Enviromine 2009. Environmine 2009, Santiago, Chile, 30 September – 2 October 2009. Chile: Gecamin.
Edraki, Mansour, Baumgartl, Thomas, Fletcher, Andrew T., Mulligan, David R., Fegan, Warwick and Munawar, Ali (2009). Hydrogeochemical evolution of an uncapped gold tailings storage facility. Enviromine 2009: First International Seminar on Environmental Issues in the Mining Industry, Santiago, Chile, 30 September - 2 October 2009. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin.
Mulligan, David R., Doley, David, Baumgartl, Thomas and Kathleen Margaret LYNCH (2008). The Role of Vegetation in Mine Waste Cover Systems with Particular Reference to Australian Mine Rehabilitation. Mine Closure 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa, 14 – 17 October 2008. Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Rhys Creswell Worrall, Neil, David T., Brereton, David J. and Mulligan, David R. (2008). A Sustainability Criteria and Indicators Framework for Legacy Mine Land. The Third International Seminar on Mine Closure, Johannesburg, South Africa, 14-17 October 2008. Nedlands WA: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
McIlveen, Graeme, Mulligan, David R., Baumgartl, Thomas, Edraki, Mansour, Pudmenzky, Alexander and Rossato, Laurence (2008). Mine closure to relinquishment: The development of partnerships and management tools to support the process. Mine Closure 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa, 14 - 17 October 2008. Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Worral, R., Neil, D., Brereton, D. and Mulligan, D. (2007). Towards a framework for the sustainable use of legacy mine land in Queensland, Australia. SDIMI 2007, Milos, Greece, 17th - 20th June, 2007. Greece: Heliotopos Conferences.
Erskine, P.D., Mulligan, D., Olsen, M.F., Kirsch, B. and Roe, P. (2007). Completion Criteria for Rehabilitated Forest Ecosystems on Mined Land - Should They be Based on Unmined Reference Sites?. Mine Closure 2007, Santiago, Chile, 16-19 October 2007. Santiago, Chile: Gecamin Ltd.
Williams, D J, Mulligan, D R and Currey, N A (2006). A reflection and analysis of the waste rock dump closure strategies at Kidstone Gold Mine. First International Seminar on Mine Closure, Perth, Western Australia, 13-15 September 2006. Perth, Western Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Suhartoyo, H., Mulligan, D. R. and Doley, D. (2006). Evaluating rehabilitation of sand mined sites at Tomago, NSW: Measuring success and its criteria. Mine Closure 2006, Perth WA, 13th - 15th September, 2006. Nedlands WA: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Edraki, M., Baumgartl, T., Mulligan, D. R. and Haymont, R. (2006). Post closure management of the Mt Leyshon gold mine: Water the integrator. Water in Mining 2006, Brisbane, Queensland, 14-16 November 2006. Carlton, Victoria: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Mulligan, D R, Gillespie, M J, Gravina, A J and Currey, A. (2006). An assessment of the direct revegetation strategy on the tailings storage facility at Kidston gold mine, North Queensland, Australia. Mine Closure 2006, Perth WA, 13-15 September 2006. Nedlands WA: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Pudmenzky, A, Rossato, L, McIlveen, G and Mulligan, D R (2006). Phoenix: A mine environment data visualisation and management system. Mine Closure 2006, Perth WA, 13-15 September 2006. Nedlands WA: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Farley, G.J., Adkins, S. W. and Mulligan, D. R. (2005). Water and oxygen uptake in Themeda Triandra Forssk. Seeds following dormancy breaking with smoke water solution S.W. Adkins, P.J. Ainsley and et al., Proceedings of the fifth Australian workshop on native seed biology. Native Seed Biology, Brisbane, Queen. Native Seed Biology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 21-23 June, 2004. Kenmore, Queensland, Australia: Australian Centre for Minerals Extension and Research.
Read, T., Bellairs, S. M., Mulligan, D. R., Lamb, D. and Keliher, L. (2005). Wood chip mulch: Enhancing initial vegetation establishment on mined land. Australian workshop on native seed biology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 21-23 June, 2004. Kenmore, Queensland, Australia: Australian Centre for Minerals Extension and Research.
Kopittke, G., Mulligan, D. R., Grigg, A. H. and Kirsch, B. (2004). Development of reconstructed soils and vegetation communities at a central Queensland coal mine: a preliminary investigation of twelve years of monitoring. SuperSoil 2004, Sydney, 4-9th December 2004. Gosford, NSW: The Regional Institute Ltd.
Mulligan, D. R. (2003). The role and contribution of revegetation strategies to water management for effective mine closure. Water in Mining 2003, Brisbane, Australia, 13-15 October 2003. Carlton, Victoria: AusIMM: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Mulligan, D. R. and Grigg, A. H. (2003). Confidence in monitoring rehabilitation outcomes. Mining and Post Mining Landscapes, Rockhampton, Queensland, 23-24 June 2003.
Mulligan, D. R. (2003). Coal development and environment in Australia: developing sustainable rehabilitation strategies through research. Clean Coal Day in Japan 2003, 4 September 2003. Japan: NEDO/JCOAL.
Grigg, A. H., Sheridan, G., Pearce, A. B. and Mulligan, D. R. (2003). The effect of organic mulches on crusting, infiltration and salinity in the revegetation of a saline-sodic coal mine spoil from central Queensland, Australia. 2003 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Rh, Billings, Montana, USA, 3-6 June 2003. Lexington, Kentucky USA: American Society of Mining and Reclamation.
Gillespie, M.J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2003). Increasing species diversity on landscapes impacted by coal mining in New South Wales, Australia. Sudbury 2003 Mining and the Environment, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 25-28 May 2003. Ontario, Canada: Laurentian University of Sudbury.
Bruce, S.L., Noller, B.N., Grigg, A.H., Mullen, B.F., Mulligan, D.R., Ritchie, P.J., Currey, N. and Ng, J.C. (2003). A field study conducted at Kidston Gold Mine, to evaluate the impact of arsenic and zinc from mine tailing to grazing cattle. 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX), South Molle Island Resort Conf Centre, Queensland, 8-12 July, 2001. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00378-8
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Ng, J. C., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Ritchie, P. J. and Currey, N. A. (2003). Developing a risk assessment tool to evaluate the impact of heavy metals from mine waste title soil, sediments, water and energy. The Annual Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water and Energy, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, 20-23 October, 2003. Amherst, Massachusetts, USA: The University of Massachusetts.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Ng, J. C., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Ritchie, P. J. and Currey, N. A. (2002). Developing a risk assessment tool to evaluate the impact of heavy metals from mine waste. The 18th Annual Internation Conference on CSSW, University of Massachuesetts, Amherst, 21st - 24th October, 2002. Amherst, USA: University of Massachusetts.
Reichman, S., Menzies, N. W., Asher, C. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). The responses of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis to elevated concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese. Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 29 July - 2 August 2001. Guelph, Canada: International Society of Trace Element Biogeochemistry.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Ng, J. C., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Marshall, I., Moore, M., Olszowy, H., Dreyer, M. L., Zhou, J., Ritchie, P.J., Currey, N. A., Eaglen, P. L. and Bell, L. C. (2001). Quantitative measurements of the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 38th Congress/ World Chemistry Congress, Brisbane, 1st - 6th July, 2001. Australia: The Royal Australian Chemical Institute.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Ritchie, P. J., Currey, N. A., Moore, M. and Ng, J. C. (2001). Development of a risk assessment tool to minimise the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings. IXth International Congress of Toxicology, Brisbane, Australia, 8 -12 July, 2001. Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00386-9
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Marshall, I., Moore, M., Olszowy, H., O'Brien, G., Dreyer, M. L., Zhou, J., Ritchie, P. J., Currey, N. A., Eaglen, P. L., Bell, K.N. and Ng, J. C. (2001). Risk Research on the Impact of Arsenic and Lead from Mine Tailings following Closure to Provide Demonstrated Public Health Safety. Queensland Health and Medical Scientific Meeting, Brisbane, 4 December 2001. Brisbane: Queensland Health.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Grigg, A., Mullen, B.F., Mulligan, D. R., Marshall, I., Moore, M., Olszowy, H., O'Brien, G., Dreyer, M. L., Zhou, J., Ritchie, P.J., Currey, N. A., Eaglen, P. L., Bell, K. N. and Ng, J. C. (2001). Annual Minerals Council of Australia Environment Targeted research on the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings to develop quantitative indicators for mine closure. 26th Annual Minerals Council of Australia Environment Workshop, Adelaide, 14th - 17th October, 2001. Canberra: Minerals Council of Australia.
Grigg, A. H., Murray, M. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Ecologically-based criteria for evaluating the success of rehabilitation efforts: a case study from Weipa, Australia. Global Land Reclamation/Remediation 2000 and Beyond, Edmonton, Canada, 17-21 September 2000. Canada: Canadian Land Reclamation Association.
Harwood, M. R., Corbett, M. H., Mulligan, D. R., Bowen, D., Menzies, N. W., Grigg, A. H., Bellairs, S. M. and Foot, P. (2001). Ecosystem development following heavy mineral sands mining on North Stradbroke Island, Australia. Global land reclamation/remediation 2000 and beyond, Edmonton, Canada, 17-21 September 2000. Canada: Canadian Land Reclamation Association.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Grigg, A., Mullen, B. F., Mulligan, D. R., Ritchie, P. J., Currey, N. A. and Ng, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of heavy metals uptake by cattle grazing on rehabiliated mine tailings. EUROTOX 2001, Istanbul, Turkey, 13th - 16th September, 2001. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Reichman, S. M., Menzies, N. W., Asher, C. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). The responses of eucalyptus camaldulensis to elevated concentrations of Mn. Food Security and Sustainability of Agro-ecosystems Through Basic and Applied Research, Hannover, Germany, 2001. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi: 10.1007/0-306-47624-X_225
Sanidad, W., So, B. H. B., Mulligan, D. R., Yatapanage, K. G. and Horn, P. (2000). The importance of water use characteristics of native vegetation in the rehabilitation of a tailings dam: A case study at Kidston Gold Mine. Remade Lands 2000, Fremantle, 30 Nov - 2 Decr, 2000. Canning Bridge, WA: Promaco Conventions Pty Ltd.
Mulligan, D. R., Grigg, A. H. and Bellairs, S. M. (2000). Mining in grassy landscapes. Northern Grassy Landscapes, Katherine, 29th - 31st August, 2000. Darwin: Tropical Savannas CRC.
Reichman, S., Menzies, N. W., Mulligan, D. R. and Asher, C. (2000). Preliminary evaluation of the metal tolerance of Australian trees. Soil 2000: New Horizons for a New Century, Lincoln University, New Zealand, 3-8 December, 2000. Lincoln University: New Zealand Society of Soil Science.
Read, T., Bellairs, S. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Lamb, D. (2000). Effects of stripping season and stockpiling duration on topsoil seed availability for forest re-establishment on coal mined land. Third Native Seed Biology for Revegetation Workshop, Perth, 17-18 May 1999. Brisbane: Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research.
Morrell, J. W. J., Menzies, N. W., Mulligan, D. R., So, B. H. B. and Fulton, I. (2000). Bauxite residue revegetation at Nabalco's Gove refinery addressing the sustainability issue. Environment: Everybody's business, Perth, 29 Oct - 2 Nov 2000. Canberra: Minerals Council of Australia.
Mulligan, D. R., Grigg, A. H., Bowen, D., Orr, M. S. and Bell, L. C. (1999). A comparison of vegetation development on coarse coal reject and replaced topsoil on an open-cut coal mine in central Queensland, Australia. Mining and Reclamation for the Next Millenium, Scottsdale, Arizona, US, 13-19 Aug, 1999. Arizona: American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation.
Mulligan, D. R., Grigg, A. H. and Harwood, M. R. (1999). Reconstruction of sustainable ecosystems on mined lands in the subtropics and tropics of Queensland, Australia. Mining and the Environment II, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 13th - 17th September, 1999.
Harwood, M. R., Grigg, A. H., Schmidt, S., Mulligan, D. R., Bellairs, S. M. and Foot, P. (1999). Vegetation, nutrients, water and fire: ecosystem development following heavy mineral sands mining on north Stradbroke Island. Mining into the next century: environmental opportunities ans, Townsville, Queensland, 10th - 15th October,1999. Canberra: Minerals Council of Australia.
Bowen, D. and Mulligan, D. R. (1999). Ecosystem development on anthroposols at Kidston gold mine, north Queensland, Australia. On the Threshold: Research into practice, Fremantle, WA, 4-5th August, 1999. Melbourne: Aust. Minerals and Energy Environment Foundation.
Morrell, W. J., Mulligan, D. R., Menzies, N. W., So, H. B., Bigwood, R. C. and Fulton, I. (1999). Rehabilitating red mud bauxite residues in Australia's monsoonal far north. Second International Conference on Contaminants in the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region, New Delhi, India, 12-17 December, 1999. New Delhi, India: Indian Network for Soil Contamination Res..
Mulligan, D. R. and Morrell, W. J. (1999). Taking an integral approach to mine site rehabilitation in north east Australia. Second International Conference on Contaminants in the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region, New Delhi, India, 12-17 December, 1999. New Delhi, India: Indian Network for Soil Contamination Res..
Corbett, M. H., Kirsch, B., Turley, E. J. and Mulligan, D. R. (1999). Management of waste tyres in the mining industry. Mining into the next century - environmental opportunities as, Townsville, QLD Australia, 10-15 October 1999. Canberra, ACT Australia: Minerals Council of Australia.
Mulligan, D. R. (1998). Industry practice and research for establishment and growth of vegetation on tailings in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Workshop on Future Directions in Tailings Environmental Management, Perth, W. A ., 14-15 September 1998. Kenmore, Queensland, Australia: Australian Centre for Mining Environmental Research.
Tyrrell, Wendy R., Mulligan, David R., Sly, Lindsay I. and Bell, L. Clive (1997). Trialing wetlands to treat coal mining wastewaters in a low rainfall, high evaporation environment. doi: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00082-6
Gillespie, M. J., Bellairs, S. M. and Mulligan, D. R. (1997). Germination of native understorey species for revegetation of New South Wales coal mines. Second Australian Workshop on Native Seed Biology for Revegetation, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, 11-12 October 1996. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Australian Centre for Minesite Rehabilitation Research.
Department Technical Report
Huynh, Trang, Edraki, Mansour and Mulligan, David (2015). Building environmental sustainability in the mining sector of the Philippines through advanced environmental monitoring, assessment and management programs. Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Mineral Institute. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2141.3925
Research Reports
Kopittke, G., Grigg, A. H. and Mulligan, D. R. (2004). Long term ecosystem development on tertiary spoil at Saraji Mine: progress report May 2004. The University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Lockhart, C. P., Kopittke, G. and Mulligan, D. R. (2004). Assessment of the rehabilitation trial on the south waste rock dump at Century Mine. The University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Murray, M., Mulligan, D. R., Gillespie, M. and Crawford, L (2003). Predicting long-term vegetation development at the Weipa bauxite mine. Assigning quantitative values to the end-point criteria. The University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Ng, J. C., Grigg, A., Mullen, B.F. and Mulligan, D.R. (2002). A study of metal and metalloid uptake by cattle grazing on rehabilitated tailing at Kidston Gold Mine, North Qld. Brisbane, Australia: The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology.
Bruce, S. L., Noller, B. N., Grigg, A., Mullen, B., Mulligan, D., Ritchie, P. J., Currey, N. and Ng, J. C. (2002). A field study to evaluate the impact of arsenic and lead from mine tailings to grazing cattle. St Lucia, Brisbane: The University of Queensland.
Bartier, F. V., Gross, C.L., Bellairs, S. M., Mulligan, D. R. and Bowen, D. (2001). Understanding the biology and ecology of vulnerable plant species - A case study with Tetratheca juncea occurring over coal leases. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Bowen, D. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Rehabilitation monitoring manual. Methods for the assessment of rehabilitation and criteria for determining rehabilitation success at Kidston Gold Mine. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Horn, C.P., Yatapanage, K. G., So, B. H. B. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Erosion from rehabilitated and unmined sites at Blair Athol coal mine. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Gillespie, M.J., Baker, K. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Native understorey species regeneration at NSW coal mines. ACARP Project C7010. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Morrell, J.W.J., Menzies, N. W., So, B. H. B. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). CMLR research program. Bauxite residue revegetation. Annual Report. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Bowen, D. and Mulligan, D. R. (2001). Native species establishment at Curragh Coal Mine. University of Queensland: Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation.
Gillespie, Melina;, Murray, Mary-Anne, Mulligan, David and Bellairs, Sean (1998). Native understorey species regeneration at NSW coal mines. ACARP Project C4009, Final Report.. [St. Lucia, Qld.]: University of Queensland.
Gillespie, Melina, Bellairs, S. M. and Mulligan, David (1996). Native understorey species regeneration at NSW coal mines, preliminary report on germination trials. Project Number: C7010